CHURCH SLAVONIC

This contribution aims to elucidate the relationship between strategies of audience involvement and emotional means of address in Gregory the Great’s (c. 540– 604) homilies on the gospels (Homiliae in Evangelia). The Latin original is compared to both a medieval Church Slavonic version of Czech origin and a Modern Czech translation. A representative sample is taken from Gregory’s 40 homilies on the gospels as a case study into the maintenance of linguistic means of expressing emotivity and appellative strategies crossing the boundaries of linguistic and cultural domains. The focus is on the appellative (or ‘conative’ in Jakobsonian terms) aspect of emotive signs. More specifically, this case study concerns the translation of Latin gerundives with a deontic meaning. We shall note some significant parallels as well as differences in the semantics and pragmatics of the deontic expressions of appellative agitation between the Latin original, the medieval Slavic and modern Czech translations. Thus, investigating multiple stages of the transmission of the homilies, in three languages, we can trace the use of appellative rhetorical means, as well as their development over time and space.

Subject: Scripta

Keywords: gerundive deontic modality CHURCH SLAVONIC Czech Gregory the Great

The article deals with various efforts of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (SBB) to make its collection of about 250 Church-Slavic prints from the 17th to the 19th century accessible in terms of content using the methods of modern information technology from the Digital Humanities sector. The focus is on full-text indexing of the heterogeneous Church Slavonic prints using HTR+ language models from the programme Transkribus. Depending on whether they are Moscow, Kiev or Old Believer prints, these models require different approaches and corresponding adaptations that take into account the printing area and printing period. Prints such as Kirillova kniga (1644) or Gistorija Ioanna Damaskina (1637) and many others are processed at large scale, whereby the developed character recognition models are constantly refined by training new verified data. The full texts generated in this way are permanently stored in various XML formats (ALTO, PAGE) on the one hand in a central repository for subsequent use, and on the other hand they are merged with original digital copies in the IIIF-compatible Digital Library of the SBB. As a further element, the Church Slavonic full texts will be indexed using special SOLR analyzers for efficient searches (Tokinising, Translit, N-Grams) and made searchable in subject portals (including the Slavistik-Portal) using modern text-image web design.

Subject: Digital humanities

Keywords: CHURCH SLAVONIC Old prints Transkribus; automatic transcription model training data processing and retrieval

The paper discusses the automatic text recognition capabilities of neural network models specifically trained to recognize different styles of Church Slavonic handwriting within the software platform Transkribus. Computed character error rates of the models are in the range of 3 to 5 percent; real-life performance shows that specifically trained models, by and large, recognize simple (non-superscript) characters correctly most of the time. The error rate is higher with superscript letters, abbreviations, and word separation. Combined models consisting of training data from different sources are capable of transcribing different styles of Slavic handwriting with low error rates. Automatic text recognition using Transkribus and the models presented in this paper can help improve the efficiency of the process of digitizing Church Slavonic manuscripts and thus boost the number of digitized sources available in the future.

Subject: Language and Literature Studies Language studies Studies of Literature Philology Theory of Literature Foreign languages learning Applied Linguistics Computational linguistics Translation Studies

Keywords: CHURCH SLAVONIC TRANSKRIBUS AUTOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION MACHINE LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE